DefinitionDysmenorrhea is the pain that comes from the abdominal and uterine cramps during menstruation. Most women experience cramps at varying levels, in some women it appears in the form of mild discomfort and fatigue, which some others are suffering the pain that can stop their daily activities. Dysmenorrhea classified as primary dysmenorrhea when no cause can be identified, dysmenorrhea occur in adolescence ages, which is about 2-3 years after the first menstruation and secondary dysmenorrhea when there are obvious abnormalities that cause it.
Cause
Until recently, dysmenorrhea aside as psychological problems or femininity aspects which can’t be avoided. Now, the doctors know that dysmenorrhea is a real medical condition, although a clear cause is still poorly understood.
Pain is felt more intense when a clot or tissue pieces from the uterus lining through the cervix (cervical), especially if the cervix channel narrow. Another factors that can exacerbate dysmenorrhea are:
Until recently, dysmenorrhea aside as psychological problems or femininity aspects which can’t be avoided. Now, the doctors know that dysmenorrhea is a real medical condition, although a clear cause is still poorly understood.
Pain is felt more intense when a clot or tissue pieces from the uterus lining through the cervix (cervical), especially if the cervix channel narrow. Another factors that can exacerbate dysmenorrhea are:
- The uterus is facing backward (retroverted)
- Lack of exercise
- Psychological stress or social stress.
Increased age and pregnancy will cause the disappearance of primary dysmenorrhea.
This is thought to occur because of uterine nerve deterioration due to aging and some nerves loss in post pregnancy.
Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea are:
- Endometriosis
- Fibroids
- Adenomyosis
- Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
- Abnormal adhesions between organs in the abdomen.
- The use of IUDs.
Secondary dysmenorrhea often begins to occur at the age of 20 years.
Symptoms
Dysmenorrhea causes pain in lower abdomen, which can spread to the lower back and legs.
Pain is felt as a relapsing-remitting cramping or as a constant pain there. Usually the pain began to occur shortly before or during menstruation, reaching a peak within 24 hours and will disappear after 2 days. Dysmenorrhea also often accompanied by headache, nausea, constipation or diarrhea and frequent urination. Sometimes is vomiting.
Dysmenorrhea causes pain in lower abdomen, which can spread to the lower back and legs.
Pain is felt as a relapsing-remitting cramping or as a constant pain there. Usually the pain began to occur shortly before or during menstruation, reaching a peak within 24 hours and will disappear after 2 days. Dysmenorrhea also often accompanied by headache, nausea, constipation or diarrhea and frequent urination. Sometimes is vomiting.
Diagnosis
Dysmenorrhea diagnosis based on discomfort during menstruation. Any change in reproductive health, including the sexual intercourse pain and number and duration changes of menstruation, which requiring a gynecological examination, such changes may indicate the effects of secondary dysmenorrhea.
Treatment
For medication can be given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (such like ibuprofen, naproxen and mefenamic acid) to reduce the pain. The drugs are most effective if started consume 2 days before menstruation and continued until day 1-2 of menstruation.
For medication can be given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (such like ibuprofen, naproxen and mefenamic acid) to reduce the pain. The drugs are most effective if started consume 2 days before menstruation and continued until day 1-2 of menstruation.
In addition to medications, pain can also be reduced by :
- Adequate rest
- Regular exercise (especially walking)
- Massage
- Yoga
- Orgasm in sexual activity
- A warm compress on the abdomen.
To overcome the nausea and vomiting can be given anti-nausea, but nausea and vomiting usually disappear if the cramp been resolved. Symptoms can also be reduced by adequate rest and regular exercise.
Some tips to reduce dysmenorrhea pain, other than drugs (from various sources) :
- Compress the lower abdomen with warm water, or bath with hot water. It is expected to relax the abdominal muscles, thereby reducing pain.
- Lying down than elevate your feet with a pillow or lift the leg to the chest.
- Try to exercise regularly, such as walking, as this will improve blood circulation and reduce the intensity of pain.
- Consume nutritious foods, including fruits and vegetables such as pears, papayas, oranges, pineapples, and melons. As for vegetables, can be tried carrots, cauliflower, onions, and tomatoes.
- Avoid alcohol, coffee, and cigarettes, because it can trigger dysmenorrhea.
Some yoga positions are believed to relieve menstrual cramps. One is the cat stretch, being on all fours and then raise slowly your back up as high as you can. The other position is lifting the pelvis, lie down with your knees bent and then lift your hips and buttocks. Only by doing the fetal position, pull your knees toward your chest, hugging a pillow or a hot water bottle to your stomach, can also help.
An alternative therapy that helps some women included visualization where you concentrate on the color of your pain until you achieve mastery over it. In addition, aroma therapy and massage can reduce discomfort. Listening to music, reading books, or watching movies can also be helpful.
Sources
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